During the month of October 1962, the planet veered nearer toward ruin more so than ever during recent history. This occurred after a US reconnaissance aircraft found the fact that Soviet atomic missile sites were being assembled in the island of Cuba, less than 160 kilometers off the coast of American soil. In response, U.S. President JFK commanded a naval task force to enact a maritime blockade encircling the island. The next phase was nearly 14 days filled with unbearable stress.
The peril was obvious. If President Kennedy, or the Soviet counterpart, Premier Khrushchev, were to fire against their enemy, a cascade of global atomic strikes and retaliatory strikes might have followed, casting civilization into all-out oblivion.
This pivotal 1962 event has been documented repeatedly, through volumes, movies, and TV documentaries. However, for its third season, a prominent audio documentary series titled "The Bomb" introduces an unprecedented element into the story. The series is co-presented by Kennedy's relative alongside Khrushchev's descendant, family members of the leaders that, for two tense weeks, controlled the fate of the world in their hands.
"What were the Russians planning? What was the American side planning?" ponders Khrushcheva, Khrushchev’s descendant and an academic specializing in international affairs.
For her, the unique appeal of the podcast is its attempt to question: "Why do nations hate one another to the point they go against each other?"
"It was not lost on me how remarkable it is that people have the potential to be friends or else can become complete adversaries," adds Max Kennedy, the son of Robert Kennedy, nephew of JFK and now an author as well as lawyer. "We see this dynamic repeatedly when nations enter into conflict, and it just illustrates the profound irrationality involved to fight."
What’s remarkable regarding this event was that, since it unfolded so publicly, people around the world could watch nearly in real time while it edged closer to armageddon. Nonetheless, the risk of annihilation came closer than what anybody understood at the time.
"Virtually everyone among Kennedy's advisors were advocating for an airstrike and a ground invasion," explains Max Kennedy. "If we had attacked the Cubans with the Sixth Fleet, it is certain the Russians on the ground would have deployed a nuclear warhead at the US Sixth Fleet, which would have obliterated the aircraft carriers as well as sunk our largest and most important naval force. And, the U.S. would have responded with an overwhelming counterattack which would have ended most life on the planet."
The reality this did not occur is a testament to both leaders, who managed to exercise restraint and engaging in diplomacy when many advisors around them demanded action. As a result, Khrushchev agreed to withdraw the nuclear weapons in Cuba while President Kennedy (although not reported at the time) removed his missiles from Turkey. The relief was palpable, matched by a feeling of hope.
Yet, for those 13 days in October, the tension was palpable globally. The Bomb’s co-hosts were born in the years following the crisis, with Khrushcheva being taught about it via the Soviet education system, which presented an alternative version of events.
"As you mentioned your father remembers it, describing it as a scary day," Khrushcheva notes. "But for Soviet citizens, the public really didn’t know that much about it, since it was a tense situation, whereas under the Soviet system the official line was that everything was always wonderful or sunny."
Within the Khrushchev household, though, it was distinct. "They told me that it was a triumphant moment for the USSR, as it was eyeball to eyeball. The leaders managed to resolve it, and didn’t start a global war, seen as a positive outcome," she adds. Later on, though, that interpretation was not held by everybody. "For a long time in Russian politics, it was considered a setback for Khrushchev, because he refrained from destroying America."
This podcast is remarkably even-handed and expertly crafted so much so that Khrushcheva jokes she nearly forgot the known the ending. This is, partly, due to the participation of historians. But, truly, the most significant thing remains the involvement of the hosts themselves. Even within living memory, it would be unthinkable that relatives of the heads of state of the United States and the Soviet Union would appear together publicly. The fact that these two individuals can do that, and exhibit such warmth with each other, must be seen as a symbol of optimism.
"Max and I are not the pioneers," notes Nina. "After the dissolution of the USSR in 1991, a relative moved to America and became great friends with Dwight Eisenhower’s children."
"But we had never met prior to this project," clarifies Max. "That is unfortunate since we connected really well and now we’re friends, something that is really great. Finally, after nearly 60 years since nearly annihilating the planet, our families have become allies, suggesting global relations is more secure, a little bit."
Or is it? One reason why this series seems so urgent is because we now are living living through a perilous era. The symbolic clock of doom is closer to midnight in its history, partly since world leaders appear not to be able to grasp
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